Literature Database Entry

bhattacharjee2025exhaled-preprint

Sunasheer Bhattacharjee, Dadi Bi, Pit Hofmann, Alexander Wietfeld, Sophie Becke, Michael Lommel, Pengjie Zhou, Ruifeng Zheng, Ulrich Kertzscher, Yansha Deng, Wolfgang Kellerer, Frank H. P. Fitzek and Falko Dressler, "Exhaled Breath Analysis Through the Lens of Molecular Communication: A Survey," arXiv, cs.ET, 2504.18326, April 2025.

Abstract

Molecular Communication (MC) has long been envisioned to enable an Internet of Bio-Nano Things (IoBNT) with medical applications, where nanomachines within the human body conduct monitoring, diagnosis, and therapy at micro- and nanoscale levels. MC involves information transfer via molecules and is supported by well-established theoretical models. However, practically achieving reliable, energy-efficient, and bio-compatible communication at these scales still remains a challenge. Air-Based Molecular Communication (ABMC) is a type of MC that operates over larger, meter-scale distances and extends even outside the human body. Therefore, devices and techniques to realize ABMC are readily accessible, and associated use cases can be very promising in the near future. Exhaled breath analysis has previously been proposed. It provides a non-invasive approach for health monitoring, leveraging existing commercial sensor technologies and reducing deployment barriers. The breath contains a diverse range of molecules and particles that serve as biomarkers linked to various physiological and pathological conditions. The plethora of proven methods, models, and optimization approaches in MC enable macroscale breath analysis, treating human as the transmitter, the breath as the information carrier, and macroscale sensors as the receiver. Using ABMC to interface with the inherent dynamic networks of cells, tissues, and organs could create a novel Internet of Bio Things (IoBT), a preliminary macroscale stage of the IoBNT. This survey extensively reviews exhaled breath modeling and analysis through the lens of MC, offering insights into theoretical frameworks and practical implementations from ABMC, bringing the IoBT a step closer to real-world use.

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Sunasheer Bhattacharjee
Dadi Bi
Pit Hofmann
Alexander Wietfeld
Sophie Becke
Michael Lommel
Pengjie Zhou
Ruifeng Zheng
Ulrich Kertzscher
Yansha Deng
Wolfgang Kellerer
Frank H. P. Fitzek
Falko Dressler

BibTeX reference

@techreport{bhattacharjee2025exhaled-preprint,
    author = {Bhattacharjee, Sunasheer and Bi, Dadi and Hofmann, Pit and Wietfeld, Alexander and Becke, Sophie and Lommel, Michael and Zhou, Pengjie and Zheng, Ruifeng and Kertzscher, Ulrich and Deng, Yansha and Kellerer, Wolfgang and Fitzek, Frank H. P. and Dressler, Falko},
    doi = {10.48550/arXiv.2504.18326},
    title = {{Exhaled Breath Analysis Through the Lens of Molecular Communication: A Survey}},
    institution = {arXiv},
    month = {4},
    number = {2504.18326},
    type = {cs.ET},
    year = {2025},
   }
   
   

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